Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
2005, Vol 5, Num, 2 (Pages: 91-97)
Plants with Piscicidal Activities in Southwestern Nigeria
O. O. Fafioye 1
1 Applied Zoology Unit, Department Of Plant Science and Applied Zoology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P. M. B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Field survey was carried out in the South-west Nigeria to identify and document some Nigerian piscicidal plants with
known active ingredients with the view of ensuring their further development and conservation. The trial toxicity tests using
ten out of the forty piscicidal plants documented produced 100% mortalities of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) between 4 and 12
hours exposure to 120ppm concentration. Tetrapleura tetraptera and Senna occidentale recorded 100% mortality of C.
gariepinus at 4th hour exposure and hence more potent than Bridella micrantha and Sesbania pachycarpa, which recorded
100% fish mortality after 11th hour of exposure. Fish had a longer survivorship at the lowest concentration (40 ppm), which
was at variance with the different piscicidal plants tested. Toxicity test results were significantly different (P<0.05) when
compared with the different concentrations and control experiment.
Application of the documented botanicals on freshwater ecosystems varied and depended on the part(s) of the plant in
use, its potency, mode of extraction (pounding, cutting, powdery, or whole soaking) and active ingredients. These plants are
mostly used between October and January (dry season) and after the first rainfall of the year to stupefy fish before cropping.
Keywords :
Piscicidal, botanical, ingredient, stupefy, potency, catfish